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1.
Rev. esp. cir. ortop. traumatol. (Ed. impr.) ; 68(2): 91-96, Mar-Abr. 2024. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-231883

RESUMO

Objetivo: Descripción y análisis de la relación entre las fracturas de húmero proximal y la lesión traumática del nervio axilar circunflejo. Material y método: Estudio prospectivo, observacional, de una serie de casos consecutivos de fracturas de extremo proximal de húmero. Se realizó valoración radiográfica, clasificando las fracturas según el sistema AO (Arbeitsgemeinshaft für Osteosynsthesefragen, Asociación de Grupo de Trabajo para el Estudio de la Fijación Interna de las Fracturas), y electromiografía (EMG) para la evaluación de la lesión del nervio axilar. Resultados: De 105 casos consecutivos de fracturas de húmero proximal, 31 pacientes cumplían los criterios de inclusión. Muestra: 86% mujeres y 14% hombres con edad media de 71,8 años (30-96 años). De los pacientes incluidos en el estudio, 58% presentó una EMG normal o leve axonotmesis, 23% presentó neuropatía del nervio axilar sin denervación muscular y 19%, lesión con denervación del nervio axilar. Los pacientes que sufrieron fracturas complejas de húmero proximal (AO11B y AO11C) tuvieron más riesgo de presentar lesiones tipo neuropatía axilar con denervación muscular en la EMG, siendo esta relación estadísticamente significativa (p < 0,001). Conclusiones: Los pacientes que sufren fracturas complejas de húmero proximal (AO11B y AO11C) tienen más riesgo de presentar lesiones tipo neuropatía axilar con denervación muscular en la EMG (p < 0,001).(AU)


Objective: Description and analysis of the relation between the proximal humerus fracture patterns and the traumatic injury of the axillary nerve. Material and method: Prospective, observational study of a consecutive case series that analyzed proximal humerus fractures. Radiographic evaluation was performed, and AO (Arbeitsgemeinshaft für Osteosynsthesefragen) system was used to classify the fractures. Electromyography was used to diagnose the axillary nerve injury. Results: Thirty-one patients on 105 who had a proximal humerus fracture met inclusion criteria. Eighty-six percent of the patients included were women and 14% men. The mean age was 71.8 years (30–96 years). Of the patients included in the study, 58% had normal or mild axonotmesis EMG, 23% had axillary nerve neuropathy without muscle denervation and 19% had injury with axillary nerve denervation. Patients who suffered complex fractures of the proximal humerus (AO11B and AO11C) had a higher risk of presenting axillary neuropathy type lesions with muscle denervation in the EMG, this relationship being statistically significant (p<0.001). Conclusion: Patients who have more risk on presenting axillary nerve neuropathy with muscle denervation in electromyography are those who present complex proximal humerus fractures AO11B and AO11C (p<0.001).(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Eletromiografia , Fraturas do Úmero , Denervação , Ferimentos e Lesões , Fraturas Ósseas , Estudos Prospectivos , Traumatologia , Procedimentos Ortopédicos
2.
Rev. esp. cir. ortop. traumatol. (Ed. impr.) ; 68(2): T91-T96, Mar-Abr. 2024. tab, ilus
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-231884

RESUMO

Objetivo: Descripción y análisis de la relación entre las fracturas de húmero proximal y la lesión traumática del nervio axilar circunflejo. Material y método: Estudio prospectivo, observacional, de una serie de casos consecutivos de fracturas de extremo proximal de húmero. Se realizó valoración radiográfica, clasificando las fracturas según el sistema AO (Arbeitsgemeinshaft für Osteosynsthesefragen, Asociación de Grupo de Trabajo para el Estudio de la Fijación Interna de las Fracturas), y electromiografía (EMG) para la evaluación de la lesión del nervio axilar. Resultados: De 105 casos consecutivos de fracturas de húmero proximal, 31 pacientes cumplían los criterios de inclusión. Muestra: 86% mujeres y 14% hombres con edad media de 71,8 años (30-96 años). De los pacientes incluidos en el estudio, 58% presentó una EMG normal o leve axonotmesis, 23% presentó neuropatía del nervio axilar sin denervación muscular y 19%, lesión con denervación del nervio axilar. Los pacientes que sufrieron fracturas complejas de húmero proximal (AO11B y AO11C) tuvieron más riesgo de presentar lesiones tipo neuropatía axilar con denervación muscular en la EMG, siendo esta relación estadísticamente significativa (p < 0,001). Conclusiones: Los pacientes que sufren fracturas complejas de húmero proximal (AO11B y AO11C) tienen más riesgo de presentar lesiones tipo neuropatía axilar con denervación muscular en la EMG (p < 0,001).(AU)


Objective: Description and analysis of the relation between the proximal humerus fracture patterns and the traumatic injury of the axillary nerve. Material and method: Prospective, observational study of a consecutive case series that analyzed proximal humerus fractures. Radiographic evaluation was performed, and AO (Arbeitsgemeinshaft für Osteosynsthesefragen) system was used to classify the fractures. Electromyography was used to diagnose the axillary nerve injury. Results: Thirty-one patients on 105 who had a proximal humerus fracture met inclusion criteria. Eighty-six percent of the patients included were women and 14% men. The mean age was 71.8 years (30–96 years). Of the patients included in the study, 58% had normal or mild axonotmesis EMG, 23% had axillary nerve neuropathy without muscle denervation and 19% had injury with axillary nerve denervation. Patients who suffered complex fractures of the proximal humerus (AO11B and AO11C) had a higher risk of presenting axillary neuropathy type lesions with muscle denervation in the EMG, this relationship being statistically significant (p<0.001). Conclusion: Patients who have more risk on presenting axillary nerve neuropathy with muscle denervation in electromyography are those who present complex proximal humerus fractures AO11B and AO11C (p<0.001).(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Eletromiografia , Fraturas do Úmero , Denervação , Ferimentos e Lesões , Fraturas Ósseas , Estudos Prospectivos , Traumatologia , Procedimentos Ortopédicos
3.
Rev. esp. anestesiol. reanim ; 71(4): 291-297, abril 2024. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-232124

RESUMO

Antecedentes: Los bloqueos continuos de los nervios periféricos son de uso común para el manejo del dolor. Sin embargo, la incidencia de desplazamiento o migración del catéter es dudosa, pudiendo ser infraestimada y no denunciarse. Nuestro objetivo fue evaluar el posicionamiento del extremo del catéter supraescapular antes y después de la manipulación rutinaria y simulada mediante fisioterapia de hombro en un modelo cadavérico anatómico.MétodoSe colocaron 8 catéteres para bloqueo continuo y ecoguiado del nervio supraescapular en cadáveres frescos criopreservados. La tomografía computarizada (TC) confirmó la localización de la punta del catéter tras la inyección de 1ml de medio de contraste. Realizamos una serie de movimientos estandarizados de hombro durante una sesión simulada de fisioterapia de hombro en cadáveres. Tras ello, administramos 1ml de azul de metileno a través de los catéteres, y seguidamente realizamos disecciones para identificar con precisión la localización de las puntas del catéter y compararlas con su localización previa a la «fisioterapia».ResultadosLa imagen de la TC confirmó la localización en todos los casos de los extremos del catéter en la muesca supraescapular. Sin embargo, tras la fisioterapia, se encontró que 2 catéteres (25%) habían migrado y, en especial, uno fue localizado en el músculo supraespinoso y el otro en el músculo trapecio.ConclusiónNuestros hallazgos sugieren que el desplazamiento del catéter puede producirse en cerca del 25% de los casos tras la manipulación mediante fisioterapia simulada. Sin embargo, es necesaria más investigación para determinar la incidencia real de los desplazamientos del catéter en la práctica clínica. (AU)


Background: Continuous peripheral nerve blocks are commonly used for pain management. However, the incidence of catheter dislodgement or migration is unclear, and may be underestimated and underreported. Our objective was to assess suprascapular catheter tip positioning before and after routine simulated shoulder physiotherapy manipulation in an anatomical cadaver model.MethodEight ultrasound-guided continuous suprascapular nerve block catheters were placed in cryopreserved fresh cadavers. Computed tomography (CT) confirmed the location of the catheter tip after injection of 1ml of contrast medium. We performed a series of standardized shoulder movements during a simulated shoulder physiotherapy session in cadavers. Following this, we administered 1ml of methylene blue through the catheters, and then performed anatomical dissections to accurately identify the location of the catheter tips and compare them to their placement prior to the ‘physiotherapy’ResultCT imaging confirmed the location of the catheter tips at the suprascapular notch in all cases. However, following physiotherapy, 2 catheters (25%) were found to have migrated - specifically, 1 was located in the supraspinatus muscle, and the other was located in the trapezius muscle.ConclusionOur findings suggest that catheter dislodgement may occur in approximately 25% of cases following simulated physiotherapy manipulation. However, further research is needed to determine the read incidence of catheter dislodgement in clinical practice. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Tomografia , Modalidades de Fisioterapia , Anatomia , Anestesia por Condução
4.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38431047

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Continuous peripheral nerve blocks are commonly used for pain management. However, the incidence of catheter dislodgement or migration is unclear, and may be underestimated and underreported. Our objective was to assess suprascapular catheter tip positioning before and after routine simulated shoulder physiotherapy manipulation in an anatomical cadaver model. METHOD: Eight ultrasound-guided continuous suprascapular nerve block catheters were placed in cryopreserved fresh cadavers. Computed tomography (CT) confirmed the location of the catheter tip after injection of 1 ml of contrast medium. We performed a series of standardized shoulder movements during a simulated shoulder physiotherapy session in cadavers. Following this, we administered 1 ml of methylene blue through the catheters, and then performed anatomical dissections to accurately identify the location of the catheter tips and compare them to their placement prior to the 'physiotherapy'. RESULT: CT imaging confirmed the location of the catheter tips at the suprascapular notch in all cases. However, following physiotherapy, 2 catheters (25%) were found to have migrated - specifically, 1 was located in the supraspinatus muscle, and the other was located in the trapezius muscle. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that catheter dislodgement may occur in approximately 25% of cases following simulated physiotherapy manipulation. However, further research is needed to determine the read incidence of catheter dislodgement in clinical practice.

5.
Rev. esp. cir. ortop. traumatol. (Ed. impr.) ; 68(1): 1-8, Ene-Feb, 2024. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-229661

RESUMO

Introducción: El objetivo de este estudio es analizar la relación existente entre la inervación del músculo subescapular y los pasos quirúrgicos de la técnica de Latarjet. Material y método: Se realizó un estudio anatómico mediante disección de 12 hombros fijados en formol, y se analizó el patrón de inervación del músculo subescapular. Se midió el tamaño del tendón en la interlínea articular, la distancia craneocaudal desde el borde superior al borde inferior del subescapular, en la entrada de los nervios, y la distancia mediolateral, desde los nervios hasta la interlínea articular. Se realizó la técnica de Latarjet y se midieron las distancias horizontales de los nervios subescapulares a la interlínea articular y de los nervios a la división del subescapular. Se describió la zona de seguridad por la que transcurre la división del subescapular sin dañar los nervios. Resultados: El músculo subescapular está inervado por 3 ramas del nervio subescapular: superior, medio e inferior, que siguen una distribución constante. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en las distancias de los nervios medidas antes y después de la técnica de Latarjet. Para evitar lesionar los nervios, es preciso realizar la división del subescapular entre los dos tercios superiores y el tercio inferior a lo largo del músculo. Conclusión: El músculo subescapular presenta una triple inervación constante. No hemos apreciado cambios estadísticamente significativos en la inervación tras la cirugía de Latarjet. Por tanto, la técnica de Latarjet parece respetar esta inervación al realizar la división del subescapular en su zona de seguridad.


Introduction: Our aim was to describe whether Latarjet's technique affects subscapularis muscle innervation. Materials and methods: We studied 12 embalmed shoulders. Subscapularis muscle innervation pattern was registered. Dimensions of the subscapularis at the glenohumeral joint line and the nerves entry point were measured. Horizontal distances from the nerves to the glenohumeral joint line as well as vertical ones to the split were measured before and after Latarjet procedure. A safe zone for the split was designed to avoid damage to subscapularis innervation. Results: Subscapularis muscle is innervated by three principal branches: upper, middle, and inferior subscapularis nerves. No statistical differences were found between innervation distances before and after Latarjet procedure. To perform subscapularis split along the muscle safe zone, two thirds’ proportions throughout all the split must be maintained. Conclusions: Subscapularis muscle has a triple innervation and was not altered after Latarjet procedure. Therefore, Latarjet technique seems to respect subscapularis muscle innervation if its split is placed through the subscapularis muscle safe zone.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Manguito Rotador , Ombro/cirurgia , Cadáver , Formaldeído , Traumatologia , Ortopedia , Procedimentos Ortopédicos
6.
Rev. esp. cir. ortop. traumatol. (Ed. impr.) ; 68(1): T1-T8, Ene-Feb, 2024. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-229662

RESUMO

Introducción: El objetivo de este estudio es analizar la relación existente entre la inervación del músculo subescapular y los pasos quirúrgicos de la técnica de Latarjet. Material y método: Se realizó un estudio anatómico mediante disección de 12 hombros fijados en formol, y se analizó el patrón de inervación del músculo subescapular. Se midió el tamaño del tendón en la interlínea articular, la distancia craneocaudal desde el borde superior al borde inferior del subescapular, en la entrada de los nervios, y la distancia mediolateral, desde los nervios hasta la interlínea articular. Se realizó la técnica de Latarjet y se midieron las distancias horizontales de los nervios subescapulares a la interlínea articular y de los nervios a la división del subescapular. Se describió la zona de seguridad por la que transcurre la división del subescapular sin dañar los nervios. Resultados: El músculo subescapular está inervado por 3 ramas del nervio subescapular: superior, medio e inferior, que siguen una distribución constante. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en las distancias de los nervios medidas antes y después de la técnica de Latarjet. Para evitar lesionar los nervios, es preciso realizar la división del subescapular entre los dos tercios superiores y el tercio inferior a lo largo del músculo. Conclusión: El músculo subescapular presenta una triple inervación constante. No hemos apreciado cambios estadísticamente significativos en la inervación tras la cirugía de Latarjet. Por tanto, la técnica de Latarjet parece respetar esta inervación al realizar la división del subescapular en su zona de seguridad.


Introduction: Our aim was to describe whether Latarjet's technique affects subscapularis muscle innervation. Materials and methods: We studied 12 embalmed shoulders. Subscapularis muscle innervation pattern was registered. Dimensions of the subscapularis at the glenohumeral joint line and the nerves entry point were measured. Horizontal distances from the nerves to the glenohumeral joint line as well as vertical ones to the split were measured before and after Latarjet procedure. A safe zone for the split was designed to avoid damage to subscapularis innervation. Results: Subscapularis muscle is innervated by three principal branches: upper, middle, and inferior subscapularis nerves. No statistical differences were found between innervation distances before and after Latarjet procedure. To perform subscapularis split along the muscle safe zone, two thirds’ proportions throughout all the split must be maintained. Conclusions: Subscapularis muscle has a triple innervation and was not altered after Latarjet procedure. Therefore, Latarjet technique seems to respect subscapularis muscle innervation if its split is placed through the subscapularis muscle safe zone.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Manguito Rotador , Ombro/cirurgia , Cadáver , Formaldeído , Traumatologia , Ortopedia , Procedimentos Ortopédicos
7.
Int. j. morphol ; 42(1): 17-20, feb. 2024. ilus
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1528819

RESUMO

SUMMARY: Variations in the triceps brachii muscle are uncommon, and especially limited reports exist on the accessory heads of tendinous origin that attach near the upper medial part of the humerus. During anatomical training at Nagasaki University School of Medicine, the accessory head of the triceps brachii muscle was observed on the right upper arm of a 72-year-old Japanese female. It arose tendinously from the medial side of the upper humerus, then formed a muscle belly and joined the distal side of the long head. This accessory head had independent nerve innervation, and the innervating nerve branched from a bundle of the radial nerve, which divided the nerve innervating the long head and the posterior brachial cutaneous nerve. The origin of the innervation of the accessory head was the basis for determining that this muscle head was an accessory muscle to the long head of the triceps brachii muscle. Embryologically, we discuss that part of the origin of the long head of the triceps brachii muscle was separated early in development by the axillary nerve and the posterior brachial circumflex artery, and it slipped into the surgical neck of the humerus and became fixed there. The accessory head crossed the radial nerve and deep brachial artery. When clinicians encounter compression of the radial nerve or profunda brachii artery, they should consider the presence of accessory muscles as a possible cause.


Las variaciones en el músculo tríceps braquial son poco comunes y existen informes especialmente limitados sobre las cabezas accesorias de origen tendinoso que se insertan cerca de la parte medial superior del húmero. Durante un entrenamiento anatómico en la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Nagasaki, se observó la cabeza accesoria del músculo tríceps braquial en la parte superior del brazo derecho de una mujer japonesa de 72 años. Se originaba tendinosamente desde el lado medial de la parte superior del húmero, luego formaba un vientre muscular y se unía al lado distal de la cabeza larga. Esta cabeza accesoria tenía inervación nerviosa independiente, cuyo nervio se ramificaba a partir de un ramo del nervio radial, que dividía el nervio que inervaba la cabeza larga y el nervio cutáneo braquial posterior. El origen de la inervación de la cabeza accesoria fue la base para determinar que esta cabeza muscular era un músculo accesorio de la cabeza larga del músculo tríceps braquial. Embriológicamente, discutimos que parte del origen de la cabeza larga del músculo tríceps braquial se separó temprananamente en el desarrollo por el nervio axilar y la arteria circunfleja braquial posterior, y se deslizó hacia el cuello quirúrgico del húmero y quedó fijado allí. La cabeza accesoria cruzaba el nervio radial y la arteria braquial profunda. Cuando los médicos encuentran compresión del nervio radial o de la arteria braquial profunda, deben considerar la presencia de mús- culos accesorios como una posible causa.


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Idoso , Músculo Esquelético/anatomia & histologia , Músculo Esquelético/anormalidades , Variação Anatômica , Nervo Radial , Cadáver
8.
Int. j. morphol ; 42(1): 166-172, feb. 2024. ilus
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1528834

RESUMO

SUMMARY: Peripheral nerve injury is an extremely important medical and socio-economic problem. It is far from a solution, despite on rapid development of technologies. To study the effect of long-term electrical stimulation of peripheral nerves, we used a domestically produced electrical stimulation system, which is approved for clinical use. The study was performed on 28 rabbits. Control of regeneration was carried out after 3 month with morphologic techniques. The use of long-term electrostimulation technology leads to an improvement in the results of the recovery of the nerve trunk after an injury, both directly at the site of damage, when stimulation begins in the early period, and indirectly, after the nerve fibers reach the effector muscle.


La lesión de los nervios periféricos es un problema médico y socioeconómico extremadamente importante. Sin embargo, y a pesar del rápido desarrollo de las tecnologías, aún no tiene solución. Para estudiar el efecto de la estimulación eléctrica a largo plazo de los nervios periféricos, utilizamos un sistema de estimulación eléctrica de producción nacional, que está aprobado para uso clínico. El estudio se realizó en 28 conejos. El control de la regeneración se realizó a los 3 meses con técnicas morfológicas. El uso de tecnología de electro estimulación a largo plazo conduce a una mejora en los resultados de la recuperación del tronco nervioso después de una lesión, tanto directamente en el lugar del daño, cuando la estimulación comienza en el período temprano, como indirectamente, después de que las fibras nerviosas alcanzan el músculo efector.


Assuntos
Animais , Coelhos , Estimulação Elétrica/métodos , Traumatismos dos Nervos Periféricos/terapia , Nervos Periféricos , Músculo Esquelético/inervação , Recuperação de Função Fisiológica , Regeneração Nervosa
9.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38365090

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Pudendal neuralgia is a severely intense, painful, neuropathic condition, involving the dermatome of the pudendal nerve (S2, S3, S4). The diagnosis is complex and usually takes many years to be made. Techniques that use electrical current have been shown to decrease pain and improve quality of life in patients with this condition. The aim of this review was to analyze the existing literature on the effects of electrical current in the treatment of patients with pudendal neuralgia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A literature search was carried out in PubMed, Cinahl, Medline, Cochrane Library, ENFISPO, PEDro, Scopus and Web of Science databases, using the search terms "Electric Stimulation Therapy", "pudendal neuralgia" and "pudendal nerve entrapment". RESULTS: The most frequently repeated intervention is pulsed radiofrequency. Other techniques used are transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, pulsed electromagnetic field therapy and neuromodulation. All studies show significant improvement in pain, analgesic intake, depression-anxiety or quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: The application of electrical current seems to be effective in the management of pudendal neuralgia. The scientific evidence is scarce, of poor methodological quality, and its use is based on the efficacy demonstrated in other indications of chronic pain.

10.
Rev Esp Cir Ortop Traumatol ; 68(1): T1-T8, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37981199

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Our aim was to describe whether Latarjet's technique affects subscapularis muscle innervation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied 12 embalmed shoulders. Subscapularis muscle innervation pattern was registered. Dimensions of the subscapularis at the glenohumeral joint line and the nerves entry point were measured. Horizontal distances from the nerves to the glenohumeral joint line as well as vertical ones to the split were measured before and after Latarjet procedure. A safe zone for the split was designed to avoid damage to subscapularis innervation. RESULTS: Subscapularis muscle is innervated by three principal branches: upper, middle, and inferior subscapularis nerves. No statistical differences were found between innervation distances before and after Latarjet procedure. To perform subscapularis split along the muscle safe zone, two thirds' proportions throughout all the split must be maintained. CONCLUSIONS: Subscapularis muscle has a triple innervation and was not altered after Latarjet procedure. Therefore, Latarjet technique seems to respect subscapularis muscle innervation if its split is placed through the subscapularis muscle safe zone.

11.
Rev Esp Cir Ortop Traumatol ; 68(1): 1-8, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36642371

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Our aim was to describe whether Latarjet's technique affects subscapularis muscle innervation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied 12 embalmed shoulders. Subscapularis muscle innervation pattern was registered. Dimensions of the subscapularis at the glenohumeral joint line and the nerves entry point were measured. Horizontal distances from the nerves to the glenohumeral joint line as well as vertical ones to the split were measured before and after Latarjet procedure. A safe zone for the split was designed to avoid damage to subscapularis innervation. RESULTS: Subscapularis muscle is innervated by three principal branches: upper, middle, and inferior subscapularis nerves. No statistical differences were found between innervation distances before and after Latarjet procedure. To perform subscapularis split along the muscle safe zone, two thirds' proportions throughout all the split must be maintained. CONCLUSIONS: Subscapularis muscle has a triple innervation and was not altered after Latarjet procedure. Therefore, Latarjet technique seems to respect subscapularis muscle innervation if its split is placed through the subscapularis muscle safe zone.

12.
Repert. med. cir ; 33(1): 80-83, 2024. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1552660

RESUMO

Introducción: la anomalía congénita del disco óptico conocida como "morning glory" (MG) es un desarrollo anómalo del nervio óptico, caracterizado por una cavidad amplia en forma de embudo del disco en el punto donde salen las fibras del nervio de la retina. Su presentación más frecuente es unilateral. La mayoría de los casos son aislados y no se asocian con anomalías sistémicas. Objetivo: se presenta el caso de un niño de 1 año con MG y los hallazgos imagenológicos. Caso clínico: presentamos el caso de un paciente masculino de 1 año con sospecha de patología visual; en el estudio se realizó resonancia magnética cerebral (RM) en la que se identificó excavación en forma de embudo de la papila del globo ocular izquierdo, alteración en la morfología del quiasma óptico con desplazamiento inferior asimétrico y engrosamiento del infundíbulo y del tallo hipofisiario. Discusión: el diagnóstico de MG es clínico, las imágenes aportan información adicional sobre anomalías oculares, craneofaciales y vasculares asociadas. En este caso además de la lesión ocular había anomalías de estructuras de línea media como el infundíbulo y el tallo hipofisiario, además de engrosamiento quiasmático. Conclusión: la valoración por imágenes en fundamental, no solo para describir la alteración del nervio óptico, si no para identificar y describir anomalías asociadas para realizar manejo integral del paciente.


Introduction: the congenital optic disc anomaly known as morning glory disc anomaly (MGDA) is an alteration of normal optic nerve development, characterized by an enlarged funnel-shaped cavity of the optic disc, the point in the eye where the optic nerve fibers leave the retina. The anomaly is typically unilateral. Most are isolated cases with no associated systemic anomalies. Objective: a case is presented in a one-year-old boy with MGDA and the corresponding imaging findings. Case reports: we present the case of a one-year-old male patient with suspected visual impairment. Cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a papillary funnel-shaped excavation in the left eye, alteration in the morphology and inferior asymmetric displacement of the optic chiasm and thickening of the pituitary infundibular stalk. Discussion: MGDA is diagnosed clinically, however, imaging provides additional information regarding the associated ocular, craniofacial and vascular abnormalities. In this case, in addition to the ocular lesion there were abnormalities of midline structures, such as, the pituitary infundibular stalk, as well as, optic chiasm thickening. Conclusion: imaging is fundamental, not only to describe the anatomic alteration of the optic nerve, but also to identify related abnormalities in order to provide patients a comprehensive management


Assuntos
Humanos
13.
Rev. esp. anestesiol. reanim ; 70(10): 569-574, Dic. 2023. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-228133

RESUMO

Introducción: El bloqueo del nervio obturador proximal tiene una eficacia similar al bloqueo del nervio obturador distal. Los estudios en cadáveres previos que inyectaban azul de metileno y realizaban seguidamente la disección reflejaron que la solución se dispersa a las divisiones anterior y posterior del nervio obturador, en el punto de salida del canal obturador. La absorción de azul de metileno por parte de la fascia y los músculos oscurece la delineación exacta de los nervios teñidos. Nosotros conjeturamos que la inyección de látex al nivel de las ramas púbicas superiores en el plano entre los músculos pectíneo y obturador externo mediante guía ecográfica a tiempo real, seguida de disección demorada en un cadáver embalsamado en Thiel, sería la técnica óptima de investigación en cadáveres. Métodos: Obtuvimos 3 cuerpos donados a la ciencia (BDTS) conforme a las normas estrictas del programa de donación del Departamento de Anatomía Macroscópica y Clínica de la Universidad de Medicina de Graz, y a la normativa sobre enterramientos de Estiria. Los BDTS fueron embalsamados utilizando el método de Thiel, que aporta condiciones muy realistas para las investigaciones con anestesia regional. En 2 cadáveres, las inyecciones de látex se realizaron de forma ecoguiada, y en el tercero se realizaron secciones transversales. Resultados: Nuestras disecciones abiertas de los cadáveres embalsamados en Thiel (C1 y C2) reflejaron que la inyección única de látex en el plano interfascial entre los músculos pectíneo y obturador externo al nivel de la rama púbica superior originó una dispersión adecuada a lo largo del tronco del nervio obturador y sus ramas, en todas las muestras. Conclusiones: La inyección ecoguiada de látex dentro del plano al nivel de las ramas púbicas superiores entre los músculos pectíneo y obturador externo cubre las ramas anterior y posterior y el tronco del nervio obturador.(AU)


Introduction: A proximal obturator nerve block has a similar block efficacy as the distal obturator nerve block. Previous cadaveric investigation injecting methylene blue dye solution and an immediate dissection proved the solution engulfing the anterior and posterior divisions of the obturator nerve as they emerge from the obturator canal. Uptake of methylene blue dye by the fascia and muscles obscures the exact delineation of the stained nerves. We hypothesized that injection of latex at the level of superior pubic rami in the plane between pectineus and obturator externus under real time ultrasound and a delayed dissection in a Thiel-based cadaver would be the optimal cadaveric investigational technique. Methods: Three investigated bodies donated to science (BDTS) fall under the strict rules of the donation program of the Department of Macroscopic and Clinical Anatomy of the Medical University of Graz and the Styrian burial law. The BDTS were embalmed with Thieĺs method which provides very lifelike conditions for investigations with regional anaesthesia backgrounds. In two cadavers (a total of specimens), latex injections were performed under ultrasound, while in the third cadaver cross-sections were executed. Results: Our Thiel based cadaveric open dissection (C1 and C2) demonstrated that a single injection of latex in the inter-fascial plane between the pectineus muscle and the obturator externus muscle at the level of superior pubic ramus led to adequate spread along trunk of the obturator nerve and its branches in all specimens. Conclusions: An in-plane ultrasound-guided latex injections at the level of superior pubic rami, between the pectineus and the obturator externus muscles soaks the anterior ramus, posterior ramus, and the obturator nerve trunk.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Nervo Obturador/cirurgia , Cadáver , Dissecação , Látex/administração & dosagem
14.
Arch. Soc. Esp. Oftalmol ; 98(12): 673-679, dic. 2023. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-228142

RESUMO

Objective To estimate the epidemiology of Leber's optic neuropathy (NOHL) in the Region of Madrid. Material and methodsThe neuro-ophthalmologists who work at public hospitals of the CAM were interviewed by telephone. They were asked about the number of patients with NOHL that they had diagnosed during the time that they had been responsible for the neuro-ophthalmology department of that public hospital. The time worked and the population attended by the hospital were used to calculate the number of patient-years in follow-up by each center during the corresponding period. The basic information of each case (date of birth, mutation, and date of visual loss) was registered to avoid duplications. Results Our work estimates a global incidence of 2.34 cases for 10,000,000 inhabitants-year and a prevalence estimated from incidence of one case for each 106,682 inhabitants. This prevalence was very similar in all the studied areas and considerably lower than that reported by other studies. Conclusion This work constitutes the first approach to the epidemiology of this disease in Spain. The prevalence of NOHL in the region of Madrid is probably lower than that reported in the literature in other regions. The prevalence and the incidence were homogeneously low in the 26 studied areas. (AU)


Objetivo Estimar la epidemiología (incidencia y prevalencia) de la neuropatía óptica de Leber (NOHL) en la comunidad autónoma de Madrid (CM). Material y métodosLos neuroftalmólogos que trabajan en los hospitales públicos de la CAM fueron entrevistados telefónicamente. Se les preguntó por el número de pacientes con NOHL que habían diagnosticados durante el tiempo que han sido responsables de la consulta de neuroftalmología de ese hospital público. El tiempo trabajado y la población atendida por el hospital se utilizaron para calcular el número de habitantes-años en seguimiento por cada centro durante el periodo correspondiente y estimar la incidencia en cada área. La prevalencia estimada a partir de la incidencia (PEI) se calculó considerando que un paciente con NOHL vive unos 40 años con la enfermedad. Se registró la información básica de cada caso cuando estaba disponible (sexo, fecha de nacimiento, mutación, fecha de la pérdida visual) para evitar duplicaciones. Resultados Nuestro trabajo estima una incidencia global de 2,34 casos por cada 10.000.000 habitantes-año y una PEI de 1 caso por cada 106.682 habitantes. Esta prevalencia es inferior a la referida por otros estudios. Conclusión Este trabajo constituye la primera aproximación a la epidemiología de esta enfermedad en España. La prevalencia estimada de la NOHL en la CM es probablemente inferior a la reportada en la literatura en otras regiones. La prevalencia y la incidencia fueron homogéneamente bajas en las 26 áreas estudiadas. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Atrofia Óptica Hereditária de Leber/epidemiologia , Doenças do Nervo Óptico/epidemiologia , Doenças Raras , Inquéritos e Questionários , Espanha/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Incidência
15.
Cir. plást. ibero-latinoam ; 49(4): 373-380, Oct-Dic, 2023. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-230598

RESUMO

Introducción y objetivo: El colgajo lateral del brazo es un recurso de cobertura para el cirujano de mano que tiene una amplia variedad de usos y aplicaciones por su versatilidad y facilidad de recolección con poca morbilidad del sitio donante. El objetivo de este estudio es documentar las principales variantes anatómicas y establecer puntos de referencias para el desarrollo y mejoramiento de las técnicas quirúrgicas actuales en una muestra de población colombiana. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo anatómico de 10 miembros superiores de cadáveres frescos congelados en los que realizamos disecciones para documentar las principales perforantes del colgajo lateral del brazo en población colombiana. Tomamos mediciones de distancia de las perforantes al epicóndilo lateral y sacamos proporciones según porcentajes del tamaño de la extremidad. Igualmente, cuantificamos número de perforantes en cada cuadrante y diámetro de los pedículos. Resultados: En el colgajo lateral del brazo, el orden de aparición de las perforantes de distal a proximal correspondió al 13, 19, 26 y 35% de la distancia del brazo (entre el epicóndilo y el acromion); en el segundo cuadrante encontramos la mayoría de las perforantes, la segunda y la cuarta, tuvieron menor variación con respecto a las demás perforantes, los pedículos proximales presentaron un mayor diámetro que los distales. Encontramos el nervio radial a la salida del tabique intermuscular en promedio a 14.08 cm (+/- 0.83) del epicóndilo, siendo esta referencia clave para una disección cuidadosa con el fin de evitar la lesión del mismo. Conclusiones: En nuestra población de estudio, el colgajo lateral del brazo posee una gran versatilidad, con un buen número de perforantes para su nutrición que le permite al cirujano múltiples opciones de cobertura...(AU)


Background and objective: The lateral arm flap is a coverage resource for the hand surgeon that has a wide variety of uses and applications due to its versatility and ease of collection with little morbidity from the donor site. The aim of this research is to carry out dissections of the lateral arm flap in cadavers of the Colombian population to describe the main anatomical vari-ants and establish reference points for the development and improvement of current surgical techniques. Methods: Anatomical descriptive study of 10 upper limbs from fresh-frozen cadavers in which dissections were performed to document the main perforators of the lateral flap of the arm in the Colombian population. Distance measurements were taken from the perforators to the lateral epicondyle and ratios were obtained according to percentages of limb size. Likewise, the number of perforators in each quadrant and the diameter of the pedicles were quantified. Results: The results showed that in the lateral arm flap the order of appearance of the perforators from distal to proximal corresponds to 13, 19, 26 and 35% of the distance of the arm (between the epicondyle and the acromion); most of the perforators were found in the second quadrant, the second and fourth have less variation compared to the other perforators, the proximal pedicles have a larger diameter than the distal ones, the radial nerve was found at the exit the intermuscular septum on average 14.08 cm (+/- 0.83) from the epicondyle, this is a key reference for a careful dissection in order to avoid injury to it. Conclusions: In our study population, the lateral arm flap is highly versatile with a good number of perforators for its nutrition, which allows the surgeon multiple coverage options. The bone perforators of the distal humerus must be protected in the most distal portion to avoid complications such as bone necrosis, especially in children...(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Cirurgia Plástica , Retalhos Cirúrgicos , Braço/cirurgia , Traumatismos do Braço/cirurgia , Nervo Radial , Microcirurgia , Colômbia , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Cirurgiões , Artéria Radial
16.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1528857

RESUMO

La apicectomía consiste en la amputación de la fracción apical de la raíz de un diente lesionado y se considera la última opción terapéutica para mantener el diente afectado en boca. Con el objetivo de dilucidar el potencial terapéutico de la técnica quirúrgica, en el presente estudio presentamos el reporte de caso de un paciente con cuadro de hiperestesia asociada al nervio alveolar inferior debido a sobreobturación de la raíz mesial de un primer molar inferior izquierdo. Para resolver el caso realizamos apicectomía mediante abordaje convencional acompañado de medicación empírica enfocada a resolver cuadros de parestesia asociada al procedimiento. Durante los controles posteriores al procedimiento quirúrgico se pesquisa ausencia de parestesia y sintomatología dolorosa, por lo que consideramos la apicectomía como una buena opción de tratamiento en casos de sobreobturación apical que no pueden solucionarse mediante tratamiento no quirúrgico.


Apicoectomy consists of the amputation of the apical fraction of the root of an injured tooth and is considered the last therapeutic option to keep the affected tooth in the mouth. With the aim of elucidating the therapeutic potential of the surgical technique, in this study we present the case report of a patient with hyperesthesia associated with the inferior alveolar nerve due to overfilling of the mesial root of a left lower first molar. To solve the case we performed apicoectomy by conventional approach accompanied by empirical medication focused on resolving paresthesia associated to the procedure. During the controls after the surgical procedure we found absence of paresthesia and painful symptomatology, so we consider apicoectomy as a good treatment option in cases of apical overfilling that cannot be solved by non-surgical treatment.

17.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38000540

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Description and analysis of the relation between the proximal humerus fracture patterns and the traumatic injury of the axillary nerve. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Prospective, observational study of a consecutive case series that analysed proximal humerus fractures. Radiographic evaluation was performed, and AO (Arbeitsgemeinshaft für Osteosynsthesefragen) system was used to classify the fractures. Electromyography was used to diagnose the axillary nerve injury. RESULTS: Thirty-one patients on 105 who had a proximal humerus fracture met inclusion criteria. Eighty-six percent of the patients included were women and 14% men. The mean age was 71.8 years (30-96 years). Of the patients included in the study, 58% had normal or mild axonotmesis EMG, 23% had axillary nerve neuropathy without muscle denervation and 19% had injury with axillary nerve denervation. Patients who suffered complex fractures of the proximal humerus (AO11B and AO11C) had a higher risk of presenting axillary neuropathy type lesions with muscle denervation in the EMG, this relationship being statistically significant (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Patients who have more risk on presenting axillary nerve neuropathy with muscle denervation in electromyography are those who present complex proximal humerus fractures AO11B and AO11C (p<0.001).

18.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 77(10): 253-257, 16 - 30 de Noviembre 2023. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-227593

RESUMO

Introducción El ictus vertebrobasilar puede suponer un reto diagnóstico. La parálisis bilateral de las cuerdas vocales como manifestación de ictus agudo es muy rara, pero potencialmente mortal, por la posibilidad de obstrucción aguda de la vía aérea. No hay casos descritos de parálisis bilateral de las cuerdas vocales como presentación de ictus agudo de etiología neurológica mixta central y periférica. Caso clínico Mujer de 88 años con disfonía secuelar a parálisis de la cuerda vocal derecha postiroidectomía que presentó un cuadro brusco de vértigo, dismetría y disartria leve (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale: 2) asociado a hipertensión arterial. La tomografía computarizada cerebral urgente demostró trombosis distal oclusiva de la arteria vertebral izquierda sin isquemia establecida. Por mejoría sintomática con control tensional, no se realizó terapia de revascularización. Cuatro horas después, la paciente desarrolló de forma brusca estridor inspiratorio e insuficiencia respiratoria grave por parálisis bilateral de las cuerdas vocales con obstrucción completa de la vía aérea. Se realizó una traqueotomía urgente con mejoría respiratoria. Una tomografía computarizada cerebral de control a las 24 horas mostró un infarto establecido en el hemicerebelo izquierdo y la región bulbar lateral, congruente con territorio de la arteria cerebelosa posterior inferior izquierda. Conclusión Nuestro caso ilustra la posibilidad de la rara aparición de una parálisis bilateral aguda de las cuerdas vocales en el contexto de un ictus agudo junto con una afectación periférica crónica del nervio recurrente laríngeo. Aunque es excepcional, ejemplifica el potencial riesgo asociado a los ictus vertebrobasilares. Un tratamiento más agresivo de reperfusión podría ser adecuado en estos casos, pese a un déficit inicialmente leve, por la posibilidad de progresar a complicaciones vitales. (AU)


INTRODUCTION Vertebrobasilar stroke can be a diagnostic challenge. Bilateral vocal cord paralysis is very rare as a manifestation of acute stroke, yet it is potentially life-threatening because of the possibility of acute airway obstruction. No cases of bilateral vocal cord paralysis have been reported as a presenting symptom of acute stroke of mixed central and peripheral neurological aetiology. CASE REPORT An 88-year-old woman with dysphonia resulting from paralysis of the right vocal cord following a thyroidectomy presented with sudden onset of vertigo, dysmetria and mild dysarthria (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale: 2) associated with arterial hypertension. An urgent brain computed tomography (CT) scan evidenced distal occlusive thrombosis of the left vertebral artery without established ischaemia. Due to the improvement of symptoms achieved with control of her blood pressure, revascularisation therapy was not performed. Four hours later, the patient suddenly developed inspiratory stridor and severe respiratory failure due to bilateral vocal cord paralysis with complete airway obstruction. An urgent tracheotomy was performed, which resulted in an improvement in her breathing. A control brain CT scan performed at 24 hours showed established infarction in the left hemicerebellum and lateral medullary region, consistent with the territory of the left posterior inferior cerebellar artery. CONCLUSION. Our case illustrates the possibility of the rare occurrence of acute bilateral vocal cord paralysis in the context of acute stroke in conjunction with chronic peripheral involvement of the recurrent laryngeal nerve. Although exceptional, it exemplifies the potential risk associated with vertebrobasilar strokes. A more aggressive reperfusion therapy may be appropriate in these cases, despite an initially mild deficit, because of the possibility of progression to life-threatening complications. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Paralisia das Pregas Vocais/complicações , Paralisia das Pregas Vocais/diagnóstico por imagem , Paralisia das Pregas Vocais/diagnóstico , Paralisia das Pregas Vocais/terapia , Obstrução das Vias Respiratórias , Traqueotomia , /complicações , /terapia , Infarto Cerebral
19.
Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol (Engl Ed) ; 98(12): 673-679, 2023 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37866435

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the epidemiology of Leber's optic neuropathy (NOHL) in the Region of Madrid. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The neuro-ophthalmologists who work at public hospitals of the CAM were interviewed by telephone. They were asked about the number of patients with NOHL that they had diagnosed during the time that they had been responsible for the neuro-ophthalmology department of that public hospital. The time worked and the population attended by the hospital were used to calculate the number of inhabitant-years in follow-up by each center during the corresponding period. The basic information of each case (date of birth, mutation, date of visual loss) was registered to avoid duplications. RESULTS: Our work estimates a global incidence of 2.34 cases for 10,000,000 inhabitants-year and a prevalence estimated from incidence of one case for each 106.682 inhabitants. This prevalence was very similar in all the studied areas and considerably lower than that reported by other studies. CONCLUSION: This work constitutes the first approach to the epidemiology of this disease in Spain. The prevalence of LHON in the region of Madrid, is probably lower than that reported in the literature in other regions. The prevalence and the incidence were homogeneously low in the 26 studied areas.


Assuntos
Oftalmologistas , Atrofia Óptica Hereditária de Leber , Humanos , Atrofia Óptica Hereditária de Leber/diagnóstico , Atrofia Óptica Hereditária de Leber/genética , Mutação , Cegueira , Espanha/epidemiologia
20.
Radiologia (Engl Ed) ; 65 Suppl 2: S74-S77, 2023 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37858356

RESUMO

Intraneural ganglion cysts are very uncommon lesions, whose diagnosis has increased since the articular theory and the description of the MRI findings were established. We present a case report of a 59-year-old man with symptoms of tarsal tunnel syndrome. Foot and ankle MRI demonstrated the presence of an intraneural cystic lesion in the posterior tibial neve and its connection with the subtalar joint through an articular branch. The identification of the specific radiological signs like the «signet ring sign¼ allowed establishing an adequate preoperative diagnosis, differentiating it from an extraneural lesion and facilitating the articular disconnection of the nerve branch during surgery.


Assuntos
Cistos Glanglionares , Masculino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Cistos Glanglionares/diagnóstico por imagem , Cistos Glanglionares/cirurgia , Nervo Tibial/diagnóstico por imagem , Nervo Tibial/patologia , Nervo Tibial/cirurgia , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Radiografia , Diagnóstico Diferencial
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